Salivary glands play a vital role in our digestion and oral health. Located in various areas around the mouth, these glands produce saliva, which aids in breaking down food, lubricating our mouths, and protecting teeth.
There are three main salivary glands: the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. While they work quietly behind the scenes, issues such as blockages, infections, or even tumors can disrupt their function, leading to uncomfortable and sometimes serious health issues. Here’s an overview of salivary gland diseases and their treatments.
Understanding the Salivary Gland Anatomy
Our salivary glands work seamlessly to maintain oral and digestive health. The three major glands, located near the jawline and under the tongue, include:
- Parotid Glands: Located near the cheeks, these are the largest salivary glands and produce a majority of saliva.
- Submandibular Glands: Found under the jaw, these glands are responsible for a significant portion of our saliva production.
- Sublingual Glands: Located under the tongue, these glands provide additional saliva for keeping the mouth moist and aiding digestion.
Each of these glands is essential for breaking down food, starting the digestive process, and protecting our teeth and gums from bacteria.
What Are the Types of Salivary Gland Diseases?
Sialolithiasis (Salivary Stones)
Sialolithiasis, or salivary gland stones, forms when minerals build up in the ducts that drain saliva. These stones can block saliva flow, leading to pain and swelling, especially when eating. Symptoms can range from mild discomfort to intense pain, and treatment often includes sialendoscopy—a minimally invasive procedure to remove the stones without damaging nearby tissues.
Sialadenitis (Infection)
Salivary gland infections, known as sialadenitis, occur when bacteria or viruses invade the gland, often due to reduced saliva flow or an obstructed duct. Symptoms include fever, pain, and swelling in the affected area. Treatment typically involves antibiotics for bacterial infections or hydration and warm compresses to help relieve symptoms.
Tumors
Tumors can develop within the salivary glands and may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Diagnosis usually involves imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans, followed by a biopsy. If surgery is necessary, procedures like a parotidectomy (removal of the parotid gland) can effectively treat these tumors while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible.
Mucocele/Ranula
Mucoceles and ranulas are cyst-like formations caused by blocked ducts, which lead to saliva buildup. They commonly occur in the lower lip or floor of the mouth and may need surgical removal, especially if they cause discomfort or interfere with daily activities.
What Are the Diagnostic Techniques for Salivary Gland Diseases?
Diagnosing salivary gland diseases relies on imaging techniques like ultrasound, MRI, and CT scans, which can reveal blockages, infections, or masses.
Sialendoscopy, a minimally invasive procedure, allows specialists to examine the ducts directly, while biopsies provide a closer look at suspicious masses to determine if they’re benign or malignant.
Surgical Treatments for Salivary Gland Diseases
Minimally Invasive Techniques
- Sialendoscopy: This is a popular option for removing salivary stones, allowing specialists to clear blockages without external incisions.
- Laser Surgery: This emerging technique offers a targeted approach to remove stones or cysts with minimal tissue damage.
Open Surgery
- Parotidectomy: This procedure removes part or all of the parotid gland, typically in cases involving tumors.
- Submandibular Gland Excision: Used for severe cases affecting the submandibular gland, this surgery involves the complete removal of the gland if necessary.
Risks and Benefits of Surgery
Surgical treatments for salivary gland diseases are generally safe and effective, but they come with risks, such as nerve damage, infection, or changes in saliva production. However, these procedures often provide significant relief from pain and prevent complications, making early diagnosis and treatment worthwhile.
The Importance of Early Diagnosis
Early detection of salivary gland diseases improves treatment outcomes. Routine consultations with an ENT specialist if symptoms like pain, swelling, or persistent dryness arise can lead to prompt diagnosis and management.
Luckily, knowing the function of salivary glands and recognizing the signs of disease can empower you to seek timely treatment. If you experience symptoms, contact Coastal Ear, Nose and Throat at (912) 355-2335 to explore your options for diagnosis and treatment in Savannah and Pooler, GA. Regain peace of mind and ensure the best path to recovery!
Reviewed by the board-certified ENTs doctors at Coastal Ear, Nose & Throat
Still have questions? Ask one of our ENT doctors!
Sources:
https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/saliva-salivary-gland-disorders
https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/salivary-gland-disorders/
https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/find-a-program-or-service/ear-nose-and-throat/salivary-gland-center/treatment-for-salivary-gland-disorders